City of Bloomington, Illinois
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Frequently Asked Questions
Boil Orders
- It means the water that comes out of the tap should not be used for drinking, brushing your teeth, cooking or washing fruits and vegetables. You should use bottled water for these activities.
- The affected tap water should be brought to a rolling boil for 5 minutes before being used.
- Illinois EPA mandates that the boil order be imposed for a minimum of 24 hours starting when the repairs are completed.
- During a boil order, only bottled water or water that has been boiled for 5 minutes should be consumed or used to wash dishes, wash fruits/vegetables, make ice cubes or brush teeth.
- It is recommended bottled water or water boiled for 5 minutes should be used for hand washing. When this is not practical, it is recommended that if tap water must be used to wash and rinse, it should be followed up with the use of a hand sanitizer. Consuming unsafe water is the most likely way to become ill. Using extra precautions with hand washing ensures that hands are clean for eating.
- Yes, it is safe to shower or bathe in the water. The primary concern is that the water not be consumed. Instruct children not to put the water in their mouth when they are bathing. When bathing infants, extra precaution should be taken. Use bottled water or water that has been boiled for 5 minutes and cooled for use.
- Use bottled water or water that has been boiled for 5 minutes to wash and rinse dishes. Home dishwashers cannot be assured to completely kill organisms that may be in the water.
- Yes, you may continue to use the water to wash clothes. The major concern is consuming the water.
- Animals generally are not affected in the same way as people by contaminants in the water. An individual may give their pet bottled water or water that has been boiled for 5 minutes and cooled if they choose. Fish tanks should not be affected.
- Cleaning the breast area with soap and bottled water or water boiled for 5 minutes and cooled prior to feeding will provide assurance that the child not ingest contaminants that may be on the skin.
- These machines that use tap water should not be used until the boil order has been lifted.
- Anyone who ingests contaminated water may become ill. Infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems are more at risk of illness.
- Disease symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possible jaundice and associated headaches and fatigue. Symptoms may appear as early as a few hours to several days after infection and may last more than two weeks. These symptoms, however, are not just associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water; they may also be caused by several other factors. If you are ill with these symptoms, contact your health care provider.
- The boil order will remain in effect until laboratory sampling confirms that the water quality has not been compromised. Testing of samples will occur 24 hours after samples are taken. Notification will be issued as soon as the boil order is lifted.
- You may return to normal use of your water service once flushing is complete using the flushing instructions provided on the boil order lifted notice. Click here to download a PDF of the flushing instructions.
Davis Lodge
- The address is: 25449 Davis Lodge Road, Hudson, Illinois 61748. From Interstate 39, take Exit 8 and drive east on E 2500 North Road for 3.6 miles to PJ Keller Highway. Then, turn left and go 0.5 miles to Park View Lane and turn right (look for the blue Lake Bloomington sign and stone/iron gate). Then, take the first right onto Davis Lodge Road. Davis Lodge is the first building on the left side.
Non-Profit Organizations
Rental Fee per Day: $150
Damage/Cleanup Deposit: $100
Tent/Other Structure Deposit: $250
All Other Entities (Thu - Sun)
Rental Fee per Day: $400
Damage/Cleanup Deposit: $500
Tent/Other Structure Deposit: $250
All Other Entities (Mon - Wed)
Rental Fee per Day: $200
Damage/Cleanup Deposit: $500
Tent/Other Structure Deposit: $250- Check-in: 8:00 a.m. Check-out: 12:00 a.m. Quiet hours start at 10:00 p.m. You must be completely out by midnight. No exceptions will be made.
- Seating: 100 to 120 people (100 chairs in the Main Room).
Tables and Chairs
- Seating for 100 to 120 people (100 chairs in the Main Room)
- 120 folding chairs (brown)
- 12 round tables (5 feet across) that seat 6-8
- 12 rectangular tables (8 feet long) that seat 8
- 6 rectangular tables (6 feet long) that seat 6
Kitchen Amenities (customer provides supplies)
- Electric stove
- Microwave
- Commercial refrigerator (no freezer)
- Stand-up freezer for ice
- Bunn coffee maker with 2 pots and coffee urn that makes 50 cups
Outdoor Area Amenities
- Barbecue pit
- Fire ring with wood (available upon request)
- Patio – 5 picnic tables provided
- Outdoor electrical outlets – (1) in patio area and (1) in front
Other General Amenities
- Gas fireplace
- Central heating and air for interior (ceiling fans for porches; no additional heaters allowed)
- Projection screen (available upon request)
- Staff will ensure the building is accessible by 8:00 a.m. on the day of rental.
- Yes, inside the lodge. The porches have ceiling fans. No additional heaters are allowed.
- Yes, and the fireplaces are gas.
- Yes, wireless internet is available at Davis Lodge. A password is not required because it is an open network.
- Food does not have to be catered. There are no restrictions on catering.
Anyone wishing to consume alcohol at a City facility must submit an online request to the City Clerk Department. This request should be submitted at least 15 days in advance of the event. Note: Alcohol must be provided by an establishment that holds a Class W Catering or Secondary Premise License. The license application must be submitted by the establishment at least 15 days before the event. If you have any questions and/or require any additional information, please contact the City Clerk Department by phone at (309) 434-2509 Ext. 6 or by emailing cityclerk@cityblm.org.
- Yes, weddings are allowed on the lawn outside the lodge.
- NO ADDITIONAL STRUCTURES unless approved by the Bloomington Public Works Department. Additional structures require a supplemental agreement and deposit to be submitted after the initial reservation application. Please check the appropriate box on the application to request additional information. As a reminder, failure to comply with additional structure requirements could result in loss of deposit.
- No swimming or wading is allowed in Lake Bloomington.
- No pets are allowed in Davis Lodge.
Fire Protection Fees
- The revenue for the Private Fire Protection charge is accounted for in the overall revenues of the Water Department Enterprise Fund. These revenues go to fund Water Department activities/expenses. The Private Fire Protection revenue does no go into the general fund of the City of Bloomington.
As an enterprise fund, the Water Fund must be financially self-sufficient. That is, the revenue the Water Fund collects must be adequate to fund all of the activities in the Water Department. The Water Fund does not receive any tax funding. - Yes. As examples:
Business A has separate domestic (water used for drinking, kitchens and bathrooms) and fire protection lines serving the premises and the domestic line is 2 inches in diameter and the fire protection line is 6 inches in diameter. The private fire protection charge would be 6 inches x $6.80/inch = $40.80/month in private fire protection charges.
Business B has a combined domestic/fire protection line which is split inside the business. The overall service line is 6 inches in diameter from the water main into the business. Inside the business, the water line splits into a domestic water service line with a 1 ½ inch meter and a 6 inch diameter fire protection line. The line served by the 1 ½ inch meter would be subtracted from the overall line size (6 – 1 ½) with the result being 4 ½ inches. This would be rounded to the next highest inch in diameter, 5 inches and the calculated charge would be 5 inches x $6.80/inch = $34.00/month in private fire protection charges.
Business C has combined domestic and fire protection line serving the premises. The overall line is 4 inches in diameter from the water main into the business. Inside the business, the water line splits into a line with a ? inch meter and a 2 inch diameter fire protection line. The line served by the ? inch meter would be subtracted form the overall line size (4 – ?) with the result being 3 ? inches. This would be
rounded to the next highest inch of diameter, 4 inches and the calculated charge would be 4 inches x $6.80/inch = $27.20/month in private fire protection charges. However, since the calculated fire protection line diameter (4 inches) is greater than the actual fire protection line diameter (2 inches), the actual fire protection line diameter would be used to calculate the monthly fire protection charge. Therefore, the
monthly fire protection charge would be 2 inches x $6.80/inch = $13.60/month in private fire protection charges. - No. The charge is the same, $6.80 per inch diameter (rounded up to nearest inch of diameter) of fire service line serving the business. However, the calculation of that charge depends on whether a fire line is a combined service line or a separate fire line.
A separate fire line is dedicated to the fire protection system and the diameter of that fire line, as it initially connects to the fire protection system determines the Private Fire Protection charge.
A combined service line provides water for domestic purposes as well as for the Private Fire Protection system. The Private Fire Protection charge is determined by subtracting the diameter of the domestic water service meter inlet/outlet from the combined fire service line diameter as it initially connects to the fire protection system. This is done so that the water used for domestic purposes (which is already being charged a separate water rate) is not counted in the calculation for the Private Fire Protection charge. The difference (not less than one inch) of the fire protection line size minus the domestic water meter size is the charge for Private Fire Protection. - A Private Fire Protection system is present if there are sprinklers, private fire hydrants, booster pumps or other fire protection or fire suppression equipment. The water supplied to the Private Fire Protection system can come
from a separate water line dedicated only to the fire protection/suppression system which is simply known as a fire line. The supply for fire protection/suppression can also be in the form of a water line that supplies both the domestic needs of the business as well as the fire protection needs. This type of fire protection/suppression system is known as a combined fire line. - Whether or not a fire protection system has been used or not does not determine whether a business will be charged a private fire protection charge. The presence of a functioning Private Fire Protection system that relies on the public water system for supply is what determines eligibility for this charge.
A public or private fire protection system supplied by the public water supply has to be “at the ready” 24/7. The necessary pumps, pipes, back-up power supplies and storage facilities must be in place to supply the domestic needs of the City, its public fire protection system and the additional private fire protection systems on an immediate basis. - Yes. The allocation of private fire protection costs to the users of those systems is a common practice. Locally, the cities of Peoria, Champaign, Springfield, Lincoln and Pontiac all have private fire protection charges. Nationally, Private Fire Protection charges are quite common.
- The 2009 rate for private fire protection is $6.80 per inch of diameter (rounded up to the nearest inch) of fire service line serving the business.
- The Private Fire Protection charge was determined by the City’s water rate consultant in 2007. The water rate consultant analyzed all of the Water Departments costs and that portion of the costs associated with the production of water for domestic purposes (drinking, bathing, washing, etc.), that portion associated with public fire protection and that portion associated with private fire protection. The costs associated with private fire protection were then allocated based upon the size of fire service line (in inches of diameter) serving the particular business.
The ratepayers that use the City of Bloomington water supply pay, through their water rates, a proportionate share for the public fire protection systems throughout the entire water supply, treatment and distribution systems. The most visible part of the fire protection system to most rate payers is the corner fire hydrant. But beyond that fire hydrant are a complex system of pumps, pipes and water reservoirs to provide water to that fire hydrant. This includes ample storage in the source water reservoirs to provide water for treatment in the Water Treatment Plant, proper sizing of water treatment units to provide adequate amounts of treated water to supply both the domestic needs of customers but also the public fire protection needs of citizens, as well as adequately sized water mains, booster pumps and storage facilities.
Customers can rely on the Public Fire Protection system for their fire protection needs at no additional cost. However, if a customer desires to have additional fire protection for their business, in the form of a sprinkler system or other fire suppression system relying on the public water supply for its water supply, the private fire protection charge applies. This is done so that the beneficiary of the Private Fire Protection system is paying their fair share for the public water system support of their private fire protection/suppression system.
- The Private Fire Protection Charge is a charge from the City of Bloomington Water Department that only applies to businesses that have fire protection systems which rely upon the public water system for their water supply.
- Private Fire Protection is any fire protection system supplementing or in addition to the public fire protection system (public fire hydrants and supporting infrastructure) that relies upon the public water system for its water supply. Private fire protection can be in the form of booster pumps, sprinkler systems, private fire hydrants or any other system that relies on the public water system for supply with the designed purpose of fire protection and suppression.
Radio Frequency Water Meters
So the water meter is the using the same technology but the way the water meter reading information is being collected is the upgraded technology?
Exactly, the water meter is the same style of meter that we have used for years in the City of Bloomington. The only change is the RF unit will now be added to the water meter to transmit the meter reading to the receiver once per month.The radio frequency (RF) water meters transmit a radio signal containing an encrypted meter number and meter reading that is received by a radio receiver in our marked City of Bloomington vehicle. Encryption of the data is a security feature that basically “scrambles” the data and makes the information unreadable except to a receiver that has the software to “unscramble” the data.
The meter reading from that transmission is used to generate a water bill. The transmission lasts for 7 milliseconds (0.007 of one second) and occurs once every 14 seconds, using less than 100 milliwatts of power. This regular transmission allows the City of Bloomington marked meter reading vehicle to capture readings as it drives by and on-demand should a special reading (such a “final” reading for a tenant moving from an apartment) be required at any time. In other words, the meter transmits for about a total of 43 seconds a day from a single "D" cell battery that the manufacturer states will last 20 years.
- A radio transmitting device will be either added to your existing water meter or your existing water meter will be removed and replaced with a new water meter that contains a radio frequency device. The decision on replacing the meter in its entirety will be made at the time of change-out after the technician inspects the existing meter. If it is a newer meter, the RF unit will be added to the existing meter simply by changing the meter top. It transmits the reading and a unique ID from the meter to a receiver in a marked City vehicle.
St. Peter Aquifer Test Wells
The City is trying to solve two long standing problems for our water supply. This project will increase the amount of water available for use during drought (reliable yield) while simultaneously providing a method to lower the concentration of nitrates when they are elevated in our reservoirs. Since the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) developed and began enforcing the nitrate regulation for drinking water supplies over 35 years ago, the City has actively pursued practices and actions to assure meeting this regulation.
As part of an enforceable compliance agreement with the IEPA in the mid-1980’s, the City stated that it would solve the nitrate problem by blending water from its reservoirs to stay below the nitrate regulation. This has worked fairly well for the City through the years, simply because of the principle of dilution. Both reservoirs can absorb a fair amount of nitrates from the agricultural watershed before the water in the reservoir is at or above the nitrate standard. However, there is always a point that, as the reservoirs continue to be filled with high nitrate water from the watershed, they reach or exceed the nitrate standard. While Lake Bloomington can seasonally exceed the limit, Evergreen Lake will generally exceed the limit only after periods of extended drought. This usually occurs in the Lake Bloomington reservoir because it has a larger watershed in relation to the reservoir volume. High nitrates tend to occur less frequently in the Evergreen Lake reservoir as it has a smaller watershed and a larger volume of reservoir.
Thus, it is a much more likely occurrence for the Lake Bloomington reservoir to exceed the nitrate standard. We normally observe a seasonal cycle whereby the nitrate levels are elevated in both reservoirs in the spring, generally decline through the summer, and reach their lowest levels in the early fall.
That means that the sole source for water with a nitrate level below the standard is the Evergreen Lake reservoir or Lake Bloomington reservoir water blended with the lower nitrate Evergreen Lake reservoir water. Again, historically, blending lower nitrate water from the Evergreen lake reservoir with the higher nitrate water from the Lake Bloomington reservoir has worked through the years. The City has an active source water protection program with the McLean County Soil and Water District and in cooperation with producers and landowners in the watersheds to decrease the amounts of nitrates and other nutrients entering our reservoir.
However, following the drought of 1988-89, the City exceeded the 10 mg/l nitrate nitrogen standard. Both reservoirs were down by billions of gallons of water and when the rains did come again, they filled both reservoirs with high nitrate water. Since there was not as much low-nitrate water already in the reservoirs, the ability to dilute the high nitrate water coming into the reservoirs was limited and the reservoirs were overwhelmed with high nitrate water. The Lake Bloomington reservoir easily exceeded the nitrate standard in 1989 and the Evergreen Lake reservoir was above the nitrate standard for months.
This experience could happen again. The City simply wants a cost-effective solution, kind of an insurance policy, against this happening again.
The process can be broken into several distinct steps. The first step in the process is to review all available information about the subsurface conditions, such as the location of existing wells, depth to the bedrock, existing aquifers, etc. This is done from existing public records and any research that has previously completed. The Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) has completed this work.
The St. Peter Aquifer is generally around 1600 feet deep in this area and residential wells are less than 500 feet deep in the glacial till. The St. Peter sandstone formation is separated from the private well aquifer by alternating shale and carbonite layers which form impervious barriers known as aquitards. These impervious layers prevent any change in water levels in the St. Peter aquifer from affecting the water levels in the upper aquifers. The St. Peter Aquifer is currently used to supply the City of Minonk and the City of Chenoa as well as many Illinois municipalities farther to the north.
The next step is to drill test well(s) in the areas where additional information is desired on the water quality and production capacity of the aquifer at this location. Because of the depth of the St. Peter Aquifer the test well(s) will be drilled at a production well diameter. During the drilling process, careful attention is paid to the various layers of material that the drill passes through. The careful recording of this information develops what is known as the well “log”.
The well will include a welded steel casing pipe from the surface down to the bedrock layers to isolate the shallower aquifers. The test well is developed like a production well except it is intended for testing purposes to begin with. The well will be pumped by a test pump which is generally smaller than the actual production pump. The test pumping is designed to determine the reaction of the aquifer to the effects of different rates of pumping over different periods of time and to gauge any potential influence on surrounding wells.
Test Well > Analysis > Process and Pipe Design > Permitting > Construction > Production Well
The test well(s) will be constructed and tested during the summer and fall of 2017. Well water quality and capacity testing will be used to design and permit any piping and plant modifications necessary to add the water to production. Construction of production infrastructure improvements would occur during the summer of 2018.
- There should be no effect on private wells. The St. Peter Aquifer is not directly connected to the shallow alluvial aquifers that residential wells are drilled into. It is separated from the residential wells by hundreds of feet of bedrock. The deep formation is isolated by several thick barrier layers that prevent movement of water between the St. Peter aquifer and the much shallower formations used by residential wells. In addition to the naturally occurring barriers (called aquicludes), the casings for proposed wells will provide a continuous barrier to water movement all the way down to past the top of the aquifer.
- There should be no effect on the Mackinaw River. Even though a future well could potentially be located near the river, the focus of the groundwater exploration in the northern part of the county is to locate a groundwater source that is not directly connected to any surface water supply such as the Mackinaw River or the two reservoirs.
- In the research area (the area between and around the City’s reservoirs), the City of Bloomington is focusing on public land only. For now the initial test well(s) will be close to the water treatment plant site. It is possible that in the future other wells could be drilled by Comlara Park and the area near the Mackinaw River pumping pool. At this juncture the only planned wells will be around the water treatment plant site.
Why doesn’t the City just develop its groundwater source from the Mahomet Aquifer in the western part of McLean County and forget the idea of wells near the reservoirs?
The City has no intentions of abandoning its water supply from the two reservoirs. With that being the case, no matter how much high quality, low nitrate water could be developed from the Mahomet Aquifer, the City must still meet the nitrate standard at its water treatment plant. The high nitrate water from the reservoirs cannot be blended in Bloomington’s water mains with the low-nitrate water from the wells in the western part of the County to meet the nitrate standard. Again, the City must meet the nitrate standard at the water treatment plant. Additionally, since the plentiful groundwater resources of the Mahomet Aquifer and other aquifers are so far west of the City, there is no reasonable way to pipe that water to the existing water treatment plant for blending. Ultimately, the City has no other options than nitrate removal with expensive treatment equipment and the construction of a wastewater system or dilution with low nitrate groundwater located in the area of the reservoirs.- 9.6 million gallons per day (MGD)
- The relatively small volume of water supplied by the proposed wells would not have a noticeable impact on reservoir levels. The volumes produce by the proposed wells would be sufficient only to reduce the nitrate concentration of the water entering the water treatment plant.
Instead of looking for groundwater, why doesn’t the City just buy the equipment to remove the nitrates?
The removal of nitrates from drinking water is a difficult and expensive process. This process has been evaluated by the City and found to be not feasible. The equipment to remove the nitrates from the water would cost several million dollars and although it would do a good job in lowering the nitrate levels, the nitrates that are removed must be disposed of in proper fashion. That disposal would require the City to build a wastewater treatment facility at the water treatment plant or build a pipeline to connect to the Bloomington and Normal Water Reclamation District. In either case, the construction of a wastewater treatment plant or a pipeline for nitrate waste that would only be generated perhaps every ten years is not economically feasible. The City also needs to add to total water supply capacity to increase the safe reliable yield in order to supply enough water during times of drought. Removing the nitrates from the lake water directly would not address safe reliable yield capacity.The City has spent millions of dollars on projects in the City and it has not addressed the nitrate problem. Why has this occurred?
First it needs to be understood that the City of Bloomington Water Department is an enterprise fund within the City. That means the Water Department receives no tax dollars for its operation, maintenance or capital improvement programs. Likewise, the City general fund does not take money from the Water Department. The Water Department operates much like a private business within the City; it only operates on the revenues it receives from its rates, fees and other miscellaneous sources.
Thus any linkage of the Water Department with any other projects or spending in the general fund of the City is disingenuous; they are separate and distinct funds and operations.
The City has, and will continue to, remain extremely active in research efforts and programs to reduce the amount of nitrate entering our reservoirs. Nutrient management programs and experimental methods of reducing nitrates (such as constructed wetlands and field tile bioreactors) have shown reductions but those methods cannot guarantee that concentrations will remain below the nitrate standard 100% of the time. We need a method to ensure that the water plant can reliably and consistently deliver low-nitrate water if our watershed-based methods fail to lower concentrations to acceptable levels.
The Water Department is addressing the nitrate problem because it wants to act proactively in addressing the nitrate problem that has become more acute over time. The blending of water between the two reservoirs has been a positive action to mitigate the nitrate problem. But the experience of 1989 has shown the City that blending alone does not mean that the public water supply could not have a nitrate violation under the right conditions.
The nitrate problem is not an imminent threat at this time but could be, given the correct conditions. It has not been mentioned in the Water Departments previous Consumer Confidence Reports (CCR) to our customers because the City is not in violation of the IEPA rule for nitrates. As water supply and treatment professionals however, the Water Department does not intend to wait for a water quality violation before we act. The time to take action is before the problem recurs.
The City has looked at options to decrease the nitrate load upon the local water supply. This has included requiring all septic systems around Lake Bloomington to be brought up to current Code when a lake lease transfer has taken place. It has also included the long-term watershed management program to reduce nitrate inputs through a variety of innovative best management practices. Educational efforts to Lake Bloomington residents and those in both the Lake Bloomington and the Evergreen Lake reservoir watersheds on the proper use of lawn fertilizers have also been included.
The City of Bloomington Water Department is addressing the issue of long-term water supply sustainability in a variety of ways. This has reduced average day pumpage over the last few years, but as population growth continues the water demand will again begin to increase and the City needs to plan for the long-term future.
The City has focused both on lowering loss, waste, and demands by encouraging water conservation and low water use fixtures. Addressing the issue of water supply also includes a comprehensive watershed management program which the City has had in place for many years and continues to this day. This program has been successful in attracting hundreds of thousands of grant dollars for long-term watershed management. Additionally, a drought ordinance was adopted by the City Council several years ago.
The City has an active leak detection program which identifies leaks through very sophisticated means, which might otherwise go undetected. This program has been in place in a comprehensive manner for years and has detected and repaired many leaks which prevents millions of gallons of water from being lost each year.
The City has an active meter replacement program to ensure that water meters are accurate to industry standards and that all accounts are metered. Water meters generally slow down over time, so an active program is necessary to ensure that each water user has their use accurately measured and that each user pays their fair share for the water that they consume.
The City has also addressed the need for additional water supply by increasing the Evergreen Lake reservoir capacity by about one third more or over one billion gallons of additional capacity. The City developed the Mackinaw River pumping pool which can be used to extend the capacity of the reservoirs by pumping Mackinaw River water into the Evergreen Lake reservoir under certain conditions, as outlined in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit.
Lastly, the City has been working for nearly over two decades on the development of an additional water supply for quantity purposes in the western part of McLean County. The identification of the optimal locations for wells in this area came about because the City undertook a groundwater research project, just like it is doing now, to identify groundwater resources in the area and the quantity that can be safely withdrawn from the aquifer in the future.
Yes. The State of Illinois recognizes riparian rights which basically state that the landowners have a right to the water resources in the area of their land. Thus as a substantial landowner in the area around the reservoirs, the City can legally search for and possibly develop groundwater resources just as any other landowner in the area can. The important thing to remember is that riparian rights also include a “reasonable use” doctrine which means that water can be withdrawn for reasonable use but not at the detriment to others.
The City, utilizing its consultants and State resources, will determine the extent of the groundwater resources in the area around the reservoirs. The City will also determine if the quality and quantity necessary for its use (without impact on nearby wells), is present before moving forward with any program of groundwater development. The City does not intend to endanger any resident’s water supply.
- No. Since the aquifer is so extensive and exists under the entire region, wells can be developed entirely on City owned property.
- No. The City test wells and production wells will be on City property by the Water Treatment Plant.
The City will hire an independent third party (ISWS) to analyze and assess the condition of private residential wells. This would be at a resident’s request only to alleviate any concerns about impacts to their well. No influence is expected, because these wells will be in a deep, separated aquifer with only municipal wells and no known connection to shallow aquifers,. Testing a resident’s well by test well pumping is to scientifically determine the extent, if any, of influence of the City’s pumping upon nearby wells. This is to determine the conditions that exist in wells around the test site before any pumping takes place. When test pumping does take place, the conditions in those same nearby wells will be monitored while the pumping is active. To adequately determine the extent, if any, of influence upon anyone’s well, the condition of the well as it exists today needs to be logged for comparison purposes.
If a particular site is developed into a production well and an adjacent well is seriously influenced by the City well pumping, the City will immediately take action to correct the problem.
What if a resident does not have their well tested during the testing or production pumping and they have a problem in the future, will the City still take care of the problem?
The idea of the well testing program is to scientifically catalogue the response of nearby wells to either test pumping or production pumping if the City is able to develop a production well. This information will go a long way towards identifying any cause and effect relationship between the City pumping water and any influence on nearby wells.
Wells that are monitored will have a detailed record of their response to normal weather conditions (amount of precipitation and the wells response to those conditions), and test or production pumping. This record will make it easier to determine the extent, if any of influence from the City’s pumping and may indicate the best course of action the City would take to minimize that influence.
By not participating in the well testing program, a well owner can still make a claim against the City, but with the lack of information about the historical conditions of the well and the water levels in that well over a variety of conditions, it may be more difficult to relate the cause and effect of the City’s pumping and any influence on the well. That being said however, any claim of influence on a residents well will be taken seriously and responded to promptly.
- The St. Peter Aquifer test wells are different from previous City test wells because the St. Peter Aquifer is hydraulically separated from shallow aquifers. To test the effect of pumping on any given residential well, the static water level (the water level when the well is not being pumped) of the residents well is measured before the test pump is started and then at regular intervals after the test pump is started to determine if there is any influence of the pumping well on the residents well. This will verify that there is no connection between the aquifers, or determine if there is an unknown connection between the aquifers.
- The resident has the right to refuse to have their well be a part of the monitoring program. The monitoring program is completely voluntary and there is no cost to the well owner. The City, however, would strongly suggest that residents with wells adjacent to test pumping sites, if any are developed, to become part of this program. Not only does it provide a measure of protection from possible influences from City well(s) pumping, but it also becomes part of the scientific information being developed about the groundwater resources in the area, scientific information that will be available to the public.
The City would like to test surrounding wells before any test pumping of potential City wells were to take place. How do I get my well tested?
If a resident wishes to become part of the well testing program, please call the Water Department at (309) 434-2426 or e-mail the Department at water@cityblm.org. It is important to note that not every request will be acted upon. Some of the wells may be outside the potential area of influence anticipated from test pumping. The City’s consultants will determine the extent of the test well program but that decision making will be driven by the available information on the potential area of influence.
Water Quality Taste and Odor
- Yes. All laboratory tests have shown the water meet all water quality guidelines for health standards. Although the water has an off taste, it is safe to drink. It is suggested that the water be chilled before drinking.
- Algal compounds called Geosmin (pronounced gee oz min) and methyl iso-borneol (referred to as MIB) found in naturally occurring blue green algae have been identified as the cause for the taste and odor.
- Yes. The water tastes better if it sits for some time and is chilled. Therefore, setting a pitcher in
the refrigerator will help to some degree. Adding a slice of lemon to the water
sometimes helps as well. - Perhaps to some degree but it will probably not remove the taste or odor entirely. The charcoal in a home filter uses the same material (granular activated carbon) as the water treatment plant does. The water
treatment plant carbon removes most, but not all, of the taste and odor causing compounds. - It has. But the water treatment plant has the capability to remove most taste and odor causing compounds from the water.
- No, because each home has different water consumption patterns and it is impossible to say how much water is or is not consumed. Only a very small portion of the water bill is for water that is consumed. The rest is for bathing, toilet flushing, cooking and the like. Also a portion of the water bill is for fire protection.
- Because Bloomington only has water available from Lake Bloomington or Evergreen Lake
and both of those lakes have the taste and odor compounds in them. - The carbon filters at the water treatment plant continue to remove most of the compounds. However, it is still unknown how long this event will last. The important thing to remember is the water is safe to drink.
- The flow through the water plant has been slowed to allow the carbon filters to do a better
job of removing the taste and odor compounds.
Water Supply Planning
At the August 27, 2008 meeting, it was discussed that the City wanted to test surrounding wells before any test pumping of potential City wells were to take place. How do I get my well tested?
If a resident wishes to become part of the well testing program, please call the Water Department at (309) 434-2426 or e-mail the Department at water@cityblm.org. It is important to note that not every request will be acted upon. Some of the wells may be outside the area of influence anticipated from test pumping. The City’s consultants will determine the extent of the test well program but that decision making will be driven by the available information on the anticipated area of influence.- The process can be broken into several distinct steps. The first step in the process is to review all available information about the subsurface conditions, such as the location of existing wells, depth to the bedrock, existing aquifers, etc. This is done from existing public records and any research that has previously completed.
Once the “paper” research is done, the next step is to drill test holes in the areas where additional information is desired, or the conditions appear favorable, for the confirmation of a water bearing formation in the area. This is done by drilling a test hole. A test hole is a small diameter (in comparison to the diameter of an actual high capacity production well) hole drilled from the ground surface to the underlying bedrock. The test hole is generally 4 inches in diameter. During the drilling process, careful attention is paid to the various layers of material that the drill passes through. The careful recording of this information develops what is known as the well “log”. Test holes that appear to be in promising aquifers (water-bearing formations) can be developed into monitoring wells by placing a slotted 2-inch PVC pipe into the drilled hole so that the site can monitored for water levels through the PVC pipe. Generally, several test holes will be drilled in an area thought to be promising for the location of a production well. Some and possibly all of the test holes will be developed into monitoring wells.
The well log helps to determine whether the next step in the exploration process will move forward. If a test hole log indicates that an aquifer is present, it may be determined that the drilling of a test well would be warranted. The test well hole is generally a larger-diameter hole (8 inches) that is drilled into the aquifer that is being tested. It is important to note that many times an aquifer will be above another but may or may not be connected to aquifers above or below it. If possible, the City would generally be looking to place a test well in an aquifer below a more-shallow aquifer that surrounding domestic wells would be drilled into. Hopefully, the deeper aquifer would not be connected to the more-shallow aquifer, however only test pumping would confirm this.
The test well is developed like a production well except it is intended for testing purposes only. If a test well is determined to be adequate for testing, the well will be pumped by a test pump which is generally smaller than the actual production pump. The test pumping is designed to determine the reaction of the aquifer to the effects of different rates of pumping over different periods of time and to gauge any influence on surrounding wells. - No. The City does not intend to use eminent domain to condemn any property either for groundwater research or permanent well sites, if such well sites could be developed in the northern research area.
Why doesn’t the City just develop its groundwater source from the Mahomet Aquifer in the western part of McLean County and forget the idea of wells near the reservoirs?
The City has no intentions of abandoning its water supply from the two reservoirs. With that being the case, no matter how much high quality, low nitrate water could be developed from the Mahomet Aquifer, the City must still meet the nitrate standard at its water treatment plant. The high nitrate water from the reservoirs cannot be blended in Bloomington’s water mains with the low-nitrate water from the wells in the western part of the County to meet the nitrate standard. Again, the City must meet the nitrate standard at the water treatment plant. Additionally, since the plentiful groundwater resources of the Mahomet Aquifer and other aquifers are so far west of the City, there is no reasonable way to pipe that water to the existing water treatment plant for blending. Ultimately, the City has no other options than nitrate removal with expensive treatment equipment and the construction of a wastewater system or dilution with low nitrate groundwater located in the area of the reservoirs.- The City is trying to solve the long standing problem with nitrates in its two reservoirs. Since the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) developed and began enforcing the nitrate regulation for drinking water supplies over 35 years ago, the City has had concerns with meeting this regulation.
As part of an enforceable compliance agreement with the IEPA in the mid-1980’s, the City stated that it would solve the nitrate problem by blending water from its reservoirs to stay below the nitrate regulation. This has worked fairly well for the City through the years, simply because of the principle of dilution. Both reservoirs can absorb a fair amount of nitrates from the agricultural watershed before the water in the reservoir is at or above the nitrate standard. However, there is always a point that, as the reservoirs continue to be filled with high nitrate water from the watershed, they reach or exceed the nitrate standard. This generally occurs first with the Lake Bloomington reservoir because it has a larger watershed in relation to the reservoir volume. The exact opposite holds true for the Evergreen Lake reservoir as it has a smaller watershed and a larger volume of reservoir.
Thus, it is a much more likely occurrence for the Lake Bloomington reservoir to exceed the nitrate standard, an event that happens each spring. The City experiences a seasonal cycle whereby the nitrate levels are elevated in both reservoirs in the spring, generally decline through the summer, and reach their lowest levels in the fall.
That means that the sole source for water with a nitrate level below the standard is the Evergreen Lake reservoir or Lake Bloomington reservoir water blended with the lower nitrate Evergreen Lake reservoir water. Again, historically, blending lower nitrate water from the Evergreen lake reservoir with the higher nitrate water from the Lake Bloomington reservoir has worked through the years.
However, following the drought of 1988-89, the City exceeded the 10 mg/l nitrate nitrogen standard. Both reservoirs were down by billions of gallons of water and when the rains did come again, they filled both reservoirs with high nitrate water. Since there was not as much low-nitrate water already in the reservoirs, the ability to dilute the high nitrate water coming into the reservoirs was limited and the reservoirs were overwhelmed with high nitrate water. The Lake Bloomington reservoir easily exceeded the nitrate standard in 1989 and the Evergreen Lake reservoir was above the nitrate standard for months.
This experience could happen again. The City simply wants a cost-effective solution, kind of an insurance policy, against this happening again. Yes. The State of Illinois recognizes riparian rights which basically state that the landowners have a right to the water resources in the area of their land. Thus as a substantial landowner in the area around the reservoirs, the City can legally search for and possibly develop groundwater resources just as any other landowner in the area can. The important thing to remember is that riparian rights also include a “reasonable use” doctrine which means that water can be withdrawn for reasonable use but not at the detriment to others.
The City fully understands the impact of developing a groundwater supply. Rather than starting a project where the full effects of development are not known, it has chosen to scientifically study the issue. All aspects of the issue will be investigated before moving to the possibility of developing of a small, intermittent use, groundwater supply.
The City, utilizing its consultants and State resources, will determine the extent of the groundwater resources in the area around the reservoirs. The City will also determine if the quality and quantity necessary for its use (without serious impact on nearby wells), is present before moving forward with any program of groundwater development. The City does not intend to endanger any resident’s water supply.- No, not unless the City either is invited on to private property to conduct such research or the City negotiates an agreement with the property owner.
- In the Northern research area (the area between and around the City’s reservoirs), the City of Bloomington is focusing on public land only, specifically Comlara Park and the area near the Mackinaw River pumping pool. We will also explore near the spillway at the Lake Bloomington reservoir and an area near the Girl Scout camp on the southeast side of the reservoir. These areas can be identified on the attached map.
- The City of Bloomington Water Department is addressing the issue of long-term water supply sustainability in a variety of ways. First and foremost, it has undertaken a strategic source water study to address this issue. The study is focusing on long-term water demand and supply and managing both of those issues in a holistic manner which draws from all areas of the water demand-to-supply chain.
This includes forecasts of long term demands, including the City’s participation in the recently-completed Mahomet Aquifer demand forecast which was funded by an Executive Order from the Governor’s Office. It also includes a comprehensive watershed management program which the City has had in place for many years and continues to this day. This program has been successful in attracting hundreds of thousands of grant dollars for long-term watershed management.
The City has an active leak detection program which identifies leaks through very sophisticated means, which might otherwise go undetected. This program has been in place in a comprehensive manner for three years and has detected nearly 100 leaks which would amount to millions of gallons of water lost each year.
The City has an active meter replacement program to ensure that water meters are accurate to industry standards and that all accounts are metered. Water meters generally slow down over time, so an active program is necessary to ensure that each water user has their use accurately measured and that each user pays their fair share for the water that they consume. Additionally, the Water Department will be presenting a drought ordinance to the City Council within the next few months. A drought ordinance in a year that has seen record rainfall might seem counterintuitive but this is exactly the time that City staff and leaders need to thinking about the actions that would be taken during a drought, well before the conditions become critical and decision making becomes more tenuous.
The City has looked at options to decrease the nitrate load upon the local water supply. This has included requiring all septic systems around Lake Bloomington to be brought up to current Code when a lake lease transfer has taken place. It has also included the long-term watershed management program to reduce nitrate inputs by following the University of Illinois nitrogen application guidelines on agricultural land throughout the watershed. It has also included educational efforts to Lake Bloomington residents and those in both the Lake Bloomington and the Evergreen Lake reservoir watersheds on the proper use of lawn fertilizers.
The Water Department will be presenting to the City Council, in the next few years, a study into the structure of “water conservation” rates which would change the way the Water Department charges for water today. The conservation rates would be in the form of increasing block rates, which would charge a customer more as they use more water.
The City has also addressed the need for additional water supply by increasing the Evergreen Lake reservoir capacity by about one third more or over one billion gallons of additional capacity. The City has also developed the Mackinaw River pumping pool which can be used to extend the capacity of the reservoirs by pumping Mackinaw River water into the Evergreen Lake reservoir under certain conditions, as outlined in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit.
Lastly, the City has been working for nearly twenty years on the development of an additional water supply for quantity purposes in the western part of McLean County. The identification of the optimal locations for wells in this area came about because the City undertook a groundwater research project, just like it is doing now, to identify groundwater resources in the area and the quantity that can be safely withdrawn from the aquifer in the future. In fact, the City still maintains observation wells in the area that have been in place for nearly 20 years. The City has spent millions of dollars on projects in the City and it has not addressed the nitrate problem. Why has this occurred?
First it needs to be understood that the City of Bloomington Water Department is an enterprise fund within the City. That means the Water Department receives no tax dollars for its operation, maintenance or capital improvement programs. Likewise, the City general fund does not take money from the Water Department. The Water Department operates much like a private business within the City; it only operates on the revenues it receives from its rates, fees and other miscellaneous sources.
Thus any linkage of the Water Department with any other projects or spending in the general fund of the City is disingenuous; they are separate and distinct funds and operations.
The City has, and will continue to, remain extremely active in research efforts and programs to reduce the amount of nitrate entering our reservoirs. Nutrient management programs and experimental methods of reducing nitrates (such as constructed wetlands and field tile bioreactors) have shown reductions but those methods cannot guarantee that concentrations will remain below the nitrate standard 100% of the time. We need a method to ensure that the water plant can reliably and consistently deliver low-nitrate water if our watershed-based methods fail to lower concentrations to acceptable levels.
The Water Department is addressing the nitrate problem because it wants to act proactively in addressing the nitrate problem that has become more acute over time. The blending of water between the two reservoirs has been a positive action to mitigate the nitrate problem. But the experience of 1989 has shown the City that blending alone does not mean that the public water supply could not have a nitrate violation under the right conditions.
The nitrate problem is not an imminent threat at this time but could be, given the correct conditions. It has not been mentioned in the Water Departments previous Consumer Confidence Reports (CCR) to our customers because the City is not in violation of the IEPA rule for nitrates. As water supply and treatment professionals however, the Water Department does not intend to wait for a water quality violation before we act. The time to take action is before the problem recurs.Instead of looking for groundwater, why doesn’t the City just buy the equipment to remove the nitrates?
The removal of nitrates from drinking water is a difficult and expensive process. This process has been evaluated by the City and found to be not feasible. The equipment to remove the nitrates from the water would cost several million dollars and although it would do a good job in lowering the nitrate levels, the nitrates that are removed must be disposed of in proper fashion. That disposal would require the City to build a wastewater treatment facility at the water treatment plant or build a pipeline to connect to the Bloomington and Normal Water Reclamation District. In either case, the construction of a wastewater treatment plant or a pipeline for nitrate waste that would only be generated perhaps every ten years make no economic sense.- There is no set timetable for the project. Since the nature of the project is that of exploration or research into the groundwater resources in the area around and between the reservoirs, the research will direct the City to its next steps. If there are not adequate groundwater resources for both the residents and the City, the project will come to an end. However, if it appears there is adequate quantity for both residents and the City and the groundwater is of high enough quality for the City’s purposes, the research project will continue. Depending on what the research identifies, it would be expected that the research part of the project in the northern area would be completed by the summer of 2009.
- There should be no effect on the Mackinaw River. Even though a well could potentially be located near the river, the focus of the groundwater exploration in the northern part of the county is to locate a groundwater source that is not directly connected to any surface water supply such as the Mackinaw River or the two reservoirs. If the groundwater supply were shown to be directly connected to a surface water source, the project would be halted in that area.
The Mackinaw River exceeds the nitrate standard in the same seasonal pattern seen in the tributaries to our reservoirs. If there were a connection with the river, the water would be unsuitable for dilution. - Initially, the City believes that the individual wells for the Village of Kappa and the housing developments near the Village will be unaffected by any testing. However, that is precisely why the groundwater testing is being done: to determine the extent of the groundwater resources in the area and possible influences on other nearby wells if pumping were started. Although the wells in and around Kappa are probably in an aquifer that is shallower than the aquifer the City is looking for, it is too early to tell if there would be any influence from a deeper City well situated where the City is currently exploring.
- The entire basis for using water from a groundwater source for quality purposes is that the groundwater is higher quality than the water found in its reservoirs, at least when considering the nitrate content. So taking higher quality groundwater and degrading it by placing it in the reservoir(s) makes no sense and is not the plan.
The relatively small volume of water supplied by the proposed wells would not have a noticeable impact on reservoir levels. The volumes produce by the proposed wells would be sufficient only to reduce the nitrate concentration of the water entering the water treatment plant
Additionally, the City would be more than willing to notify the Hudson Township Water Authority whenever the wells were activated. - 11.5 million gallons per day (MGD)
What if a resident does not have their well tested during the testing or production pumping and they have a problem in the future, will the City still take care of the problem?
The idea of the well testing program is to scientifically catalogue the response of nearby wells to either test pumping or production pumping if the City is able to develop a production well. This information will go a long way towards identifying any cause and effect relationship between the City pumping water and any influence on nearby wells.
Wells that are monitored will have a detailed record of their response to normal weather conditions (amount of precipitation and the wells response to those conditions), and test or production pumping. This record will make it easier to determine the extent, if any of influence from the City’s pumping and may indicate the best course of action the City would take to minimize that influence.
By not participating in the well testing program, a well owner can still make a claim against the City, but with the lack of information about the historical conditions of the well and the water levels in that well over a variety of conditions, it may be more difficult to relate the cause and effect of the City’s pumping and any influence on the well. That being said however, any claim of influence on a residents well will be taken seriously and responded to promptly.- First, as has been previously mentioned, it is the intention of the City to avoid any influence on another well. But if that were to happen, the City or its representative would respond within 24 hours to a well problem. Depending upon the extent of the problem, a solution would be started immediately with the complexity of the problem determining the ultimate resolution. For instance, the resolution to a lowered water level in an adjacent well may be as simple as the City turning off its well pump, which could literally take just a few minutes. Something as major as drilling a new well would obviously take much longer, but the City would make arrangements to ensure a resident had water service, if the City was the cause of the problem.
Will the City put any “guarantee” in writing, to fix a residents well that may have been seriously influenced by the City’s pumping?
The Water Department will ask the City Council to consider extending the guarantee in writing for those well owners whose wells are identified as possibly being impacted by the City’s pumping.
Again, the consideration for developing this groundwater source is to research whether the area has a sustainable water supply and whether the pumping of this groundwater supply will impact any nearby wells. When the groundwater research project is completed, the City will have a very good idea if there will be any impact on nearby wells. The owner of a well shown to possibly be influenced will be contacted directly with that information.- By completing the groundwater exploration as comprehensively as it can, the City intends to site wells in areas that will have little to no impact on surrounding wells. Keep in mind that what the City is proposing at this point is the scientific exploration of the groundwater resources which will guide the City in its next actions. If there does not appear to sufficient water of the quality that the City needs, the project at a particular site will be halted.
If it appears a particular site is favorable for a test well site, the test pumping would, most likely, reveal any serious influence on surrounding wells. The issues would be addressed before the City would proceed to a development of a production well. If these problems cannot be satisfactorily addressed, again, the City will halt the project at that particular site.
If a particular site appears to be adequate for a production well, the well could be developed and a longer term monitoring project of adjacent wells would take place to monitor for any slower developing influences or issues with solutions that may have already been put in place.
Ultimately, in the unfortunate case where a nearby well were seriously impacted by a City production well pumping, the City would take remedial actions, at no cost to the resident, to minimize that impact. That could be a host of solutions but the simplest might be lowering a resident’s pump to a lower setting in their well. Other solutions could be drilling a new well to a deeper level. Lastly, it might be possible to attach a resident on a private well on to a City water main, if feasible. At no time would it be tolerable to the City to leave a resident without a solution to their water needs if a problem were caused by the City’s actions. The City has the financial means and authority to make what some have termed as the City’s “guarantee”. This guarantee is the City’s up-front obligation to correct any serious impacts it may have upon a resident’s wells from its actions. - Every well that is pumped will have some influence on the water level in the surrounding area. Generally speaking, this influence will be less and less the further away from the pumping well the measurement is taken. Therefore, in order to test the effect of pumping on any given well, the static water level (the water level when the well is not being pumped) of the residents well is measured before the test pump is started and then at regular intervals after the test pump is started to determine the influence of the pumping well on the residents well. This will determine the zone of influence around the pumping well.
- The resident has the right to refuse to have their well be a part of the monitoring program. The monitoring program is completely voluntary and there is no cost to the well owner. The City, however, would strongly suggest that residents with wells adjacent to test pumping sites, if any are developed, to become part of this program. Not only does it provide a measure of protection from possible influences from City well(s) pumping, but it also becomes part of the scientific information being developed about the groundwater resources in the area, scientific information that will be available to the public.
- Testing a resident’s well in the area thought to be influenced by test well pumping is to scientifically determine the extent, if any, of influence of the City’s pumping upon nearby wells. Simply put, the idea is to determine the conditions that exist in wells around the test site before any pumping takes place. If test pumping does take place, we will monitor the conditions in those same nearby wells while the pumping is active. To adequately determine the extent, if any, of influence upon anyone’s well, the City must log the condition of the well as it exists today.
If a particular site is developed into a production well and an adjacent well is seriously influenced by the City well pumping, the City will immediately take action to correct the problem.